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TLR signaling pathways. The shared signaling pathway for TLR2 and TLR4 is depicted. IRAK, IL-1R-associated kinase; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6; TAK1, transforming growth factor β-activated kinase; TAB1, TAK1-binding protein; NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; MKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; IKK, IκB kinase; AP-1, activator protein 1.
