Viral evolution during persistent infection. (A and B) Kinetics of viral production after infection with acute- and chronic-phase viruses. Huh-7.5.1 cells were inoculated at an MOI of 0.002, with viral supernatants collected on day 18, 119, 155, or 183 posttransfection in Exp 1 (A) or on day 18 or 160 posttransfection in Exp 2 (B). The supernatants were harvested at the indicated time points after infection and the infectivity titers determined. (C) Kinetics of viral production after infection with progeny of acute- and chronic-phase viruses. Huh-7.5.1 cells were inoculated at an MOI of 0.004 with progeny of day 18 and day 183 viruses (Exp 1) and day 18 and day 160 viruses (Exp 2). The supernatants were harvested at the indicated time points after infection and the infectivity titers determined. (D and E) Buoyant densities of acute- and chronic-phase viruses. The viruses collected at days 18, 119, and 183 posttransfection in Exp 1 (D) and the viruses collected at day 18 and day 160 posttransfection in Exp 2 (E) were analyzed in a 20 to 60% sucrose gradient. The infectivity titer for each fraction was determined, and the density of each fraction was determined by measuring the mass of a 100-μl aliquot of the fraction. The infectivity titer for each fraction is expressed as the percentage of the total titer for all fractions.