TABLE 3.

Cellular dysfunction contributes to exacerbation of pathophysiology

Dysfunctional cell type	Pathophysiologic event	Effect
Endothelium	Disruption of bood-brain barrier	Vasogenic edema, increased intracranial pressure, compromised cerebral bloodflow, cerebral herniation
	Procoagulant state	(Micro)thrombi, ischemia
Smooth muscle	Loss of cerebral autoregulation	Cerebral hypo-/hypertension
	Vasoconstriction	Cerebral ischemia
Neuron	Increased release of excitatory amino acids	Excessive stimulation, metabolic disturbances, cellular edema