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Schematic representation of the molecular mechanism of the RNA silencing pathway. The process can be triggered by viral infection, transposons, or aberrant RNAs, all of which produce some form of dsRNA. Long dsRNA precursors are processed by Dicer to siRNAs. siRNAs associate with the RISC, which in turn targets and induces degradation of specific RNAs. The siRNAs can be amplified by a cellular RdRp. The RNA silencing system has also been associated with DNA methylation.
