Table 3.

Mean levels of testosterone in breast cancer cases and controls

Author, year [reference]	Population	Exposure	Group	n	Mean1	SD	P2
Secreto, 1983 [21]	Postmenopausal women	Serum T	Controls	30	310	110
			Carcinoma	28	550	200	0.001
Secreto, 1983 [26]	Premenopausal women	Urinary T	Controls	22	6.25	3.48
			Familiality	21	5.41	3.60	NS
			Hyperplasia	39	6.97	4.44	NS
			Carcinoma	18	11.3	6.78	0.01
Secreto, 1984 [27]	Premenopausal women	Serum T	Controls	55	470	160
			Breast Hyperplasia	31	550	200	<0.05
			Breast Cancer	23	620	220	<0.005
Hill, 1985 [22]	Postmenopausal women	Serum T	Healthy Caucasian	43	NS
			Healthy Japanese	59	NS		0.01
			Cases Japanese	33	NS3		0.01
Adlercreutz, 1989 [23]	Postmenopausal women	Serum T	Vegetarians	10	172.80	86.40
			Omnivores	9	233.28	66.24	<0.05
			Cases	8	319.68	132.48	<0.05

¹Serum T converted to pg/ml and urinary T converted to μg/24 hours. ²Comparisons with mean levels in controls using the t-test. ³Comparison with healthy Japanese group. SD, standard deviation; T, testosterone.