TABLE 1.

Determinant factors related to immunologic response to HAART despite virologic failure

Characteristic	Value for patients		Crude OR (95% CI)	P
	Discordant (n = 20)	Failing (n = 23)
Age (yr)a	37 (20-51)	38 (20-70)	0.98 (0.92-1.04)	0.48
Gender male (%)	14 (70)	17 (73)	0.82 (0.21-3.12)	0.78
Risk factor
Homosexual (%)	7 (91)	2 (35)	5.65 (1.02-31.48)	0.048
Heterosexual (%)	4 (20)	12 (52)	0.23 (0.06-0.90)	0.035
IVDUd (%)	8 (40)	8 (35)	1.25 (0.36-4.32)	0.72
Other	1	1
Time on HAART (mo)a	51 (18-120)	48 (24-126)	0.99 (0.98-1.02)	0.72
CD4 pre-HAART (cells/μl)a	276 (25-648)	142 (2-420)	5.94 (1.43-24.65)	0.014
HIV RNA at time of genotype analysis (copies/ml)a	4.49 (3.59-5.18)	5.07 (3.47-6.62)	0.39 (0.14-1.08)	0.069
Subtype B HIV-1 isolate (%)	18 (90)	14 (61)	5.78 (1.07-31.16)	0.041
R5 biological phenotype (%)	15 (75)	9 (39)	4.67 (1.25-17.36)	0.022
Replicative capacity of HIV isolatea,b	32.8 (14-54)	52.0 (21-98)	1.04 (1.01-1.09)	0.038
NNRTI exposure (%)	10 (50)	15 (65)	0.53 (0.16-1.82)	0.31
PI exposure (%)	15 (75)	21 (91)	0.29 (0.05-1.68)	0.16
Adherence (%)c	100 (75-100)	100 (67-100)	1.08 (0.99-1.18)	0.09
Drug resistance mutationsa
RT mutations	5.0 (0-11)	4.3 (1-10)	1.08 (0.88-1.34)	0.47
PR mutations	3.0 (0-9)	2.0 (0-7)	1.15 (0.87-1.50)	0.33
M184V mutation (%)	17 (85)	6 (26)	14.1 (3.00-66.7)	0.001
T215Y/F mutation (%)	15 (75)	9 (39)	4.00 (1.06-15.14)	0.041
K103N mutation (%)	7 (35)	12 (52)	0.40 (0.11-1.43)	0.16
V82A mutation (%)	8 (40)	6 (26)	1.67 (0.45-6.13)	0.44
L90M mutation (%)	7 (35)	5 (17)	1.72 (0.44-6.72)	0.43

^aMedian (range).

^bPercent in comparison with value for wild-type HIV-1 strain.

^cMedian (range) of the adherence to HAART (percentage of pills taken during the last 3 days).

^dIVDU, intravenous drug user.