Table 1.

Table 1. Theme 1—The Effect of the Hospital and Clinical Environments: Representative Observations and Quotations from Interviews

Categories	Observation or Quotation
Category 1: Different hospital environments	“Care sets were developed to stop over-ordering and because physicians wanted to restrict what nurses could order.” [Hospital B ED ∗ nurse interview]
	“There is faith in the role of the nurse.”[Hospital A ED ∗ nurse interview]
	“Physicians did not want nurses to have same ordering rights as they did.” [Hospital B ED ∗ nurse interview]
	“Clinical practice varies from hospital to hospital.” [Hospital A ED ∗ physician interview]
Category 2: Different clinical environments	“Different ordering practices … were due to location (ward, ED ∗ , CCU†) and casemix.” [IT clinical support personnel interview]
	“Chaotic and busy, things happen quickly.” [Hospital A ED ∗ observation]
	“Everything seems routine—bloods taken for all patients at the same time every day.” [Hospital B hematology ward observation]
	“The hematology test ordering environment is different to the Emergency Department—they order tests for a number of patients at the one time whereas in ED ∗ they order for one patient at a time.” [Hospital A hematology ward observation]
	“I can’t see the PC at the bedside … need wireless or palmtop. ED ∗ is fluid and dynamic.” {Hospital B ED ∗ physician interview]

^∗ Emergency Department.

^† Coronary Care Unit.