Binding of YopT fragments to RhoA. The indicated YopT C139A fragments were expressed as GST fusion proteins, and then equal amounts of the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membrane. The membrane was subsequently used for an overlay assay with isoprenylated, 125I-labeled RhoA that had previously been activated with GTPγS. After incubation with RhoA, the membrane was washed extensively and the bound RhoA was analyzed by phosphorimaging. Equal amounts of the GST-YopT proteins were checked by Ponceau S staining (bottom of panel A). In panel A, a typical experiment is shown. Panel B shows the quantification of three independent experiments as means plus standard deviations. fl, full length.