Table 5.
In vitro activity of voriconazole against 3216 strains of filamentous fungi
| Genus and species (No. tested) | MIC/MFC | MIC90 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basidiomycetes (44) | |||
| Bjerkandera adusta (14) | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | Gonzalez et al 2001 |
| Coprinus spp (8) | 0.25–0.5 | 0.5 | Gonzalez et al 2001 |
| Schizophyllum commune (5) | 0.5–1 | 0.5 | Gonzalez et al 2001 |
| Unidentified (17) | 0.5–1 | 0.5 | Gonzalez et al 2001 |
| Dematiaceus (536) | |||
| Alternaria alternata (5) | 0.5–1 | 0.63b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Alternaria spp (4) | 1–2 | 1.25b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Aurebasidium pullulans (5) | 0.03–0.25 | 0.14b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Bipolaris australiensis (6) | 0.125–2 | 0.2b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Bipolaris hawaiiensis (23) | 0.06–0.5 | 0.15–0.5b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Bipolaris specifera (32) | 0.06–2 | 0.29–2b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Bipolaris spp (16) | 0.12–1 | 0.33b | Espinel-Ingroff 1998 |
| Botryomyces caespitosus (1) | 2 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Chaetomium globosum (4) | 0.125–0.5 | 0.21b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Cladophialophora carrionii (22) | 0.03–0.125 | 0.05b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Cladophialophora bantiana (44) | <0.03–1 | 0.12–0.5 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Cladosporium cladosporioides (3) | 0.06–1 | 0.08b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Cladosporium sphaerospermum (5) | 0.5–1 | 0.87b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Coniothyrium fuckelii (5) | 0.125–0.5 | 0.22b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Curvularia inaequalis (1) | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Curvularia lunata (22) | 0.06–1 | 0.22b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Curvularia senegalensis (3) | 0.06–00.25 | 0.2b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Curvularia verruculosa (3) | 0.125 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Dactylaria constricta (21) | 0.03–1/0.5–>8 | 0.12–0.5 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Dissitumurus exedrus (1) | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Drechslera biseptata (1) | 0.06 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Exophiala jeanselmei (36) | <0.03–8 | 0.6b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Exophiala moniliae (3) | 0.25–0.5 | 0.32b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Exophiala pisciphila (4) | 0.25–1 | 0.59b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Exophiala spinifera (10) | 0.125–1 | 0.2b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Exserohilum rostratum (12) | 0.06–0.5 | 0.17b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Fonsecaea compacta (8) | <0.03–0.5 | 0.14b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Fonsecaea pedrosoi (36) | <0.03–1/<0.03–1 | 0.06 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Hormonema dematioides (3) | 0.06–032 | 0.23b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Hortaea spp (11) | 0.03–0.125 | 0.05b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Lasiodiploidia theobromae (2) | 1 | Radford et al 1997 | |
| Lecythophora hoffmanii (5) | 0.125–0.5 | 0.29b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Lecythophora mutabilis (6) | 0.125–0.5 | 0.22b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Leptosphaeria senegalensis (2) | <0.03–0.06 | Radford et al 1997 | |
| Madurella grisea (1) | 0.5 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Madurella mycetomatis (8) | 0.03–0.5 | 0.05b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (18) | 0.125–2/0.25–1 | 0.25b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Phaeoannellomyces elegans (4) | 0.06–8 | 0.5b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Phaeosclera dematioides (1) | 4 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Phialemonium curvatum (3) | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Phialemonium obovatum (5) | 0.25–1 | 0.5b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Phialophora americana (3) | 0.125 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Phialophora fastigiata (1) | 1 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Phialophora repens (3) | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Phialophora richardsiae (11) | 0.25–2 | 0.64b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Phialophora verrucosa (25) | 0.03–0.5 | 0.12b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Ramichloridium mackenziei (4) | 0.06 | Radford et al 1997 | |
| Rhinocladiella aquaspersa (2) | 0.03–0.25 | 0.09b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Rhinocladiella atrovirens (3) | 0.03–0.5 | 0.18b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Scolecobasidium constrictum (5) | 0.03–8 | 0.43b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Scolecobasidium humicola (4) | 0.03–4 | 0.21b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Scytalidium dimidiatum (24) | <0.03–0.5 | 0.1b | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Lacroix and Feuilhade 2005 |
| Scytalidium hyalinum (15) | <0.002–0.006 | Lacroix and Feuilhade 2005 | |
| Wangiella dermatiditis (31) | 0.03–0.5/0.06–1 | 0.12 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Dermatophytes (120) | |||
| Microsporum canis (34) | 0.06–2 | 0.12 | Serrano-Martino et al 2003 |
| Microsporum gypseum (13) | 0.12–1 | 0.5 | Serrano-Martino et al 2003 |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes (61) | 0.06–1 | 0.5 | Serrano-Martino et al 2003 |
| Trichophyton rubrum (12) | 0.06–2 | 0.25 | Serrano-Martino et al 2003 |
| Dimorphic (532) | |||
| Blastomyces dermatitidis (142) | <0.03–16/<0.03–32 | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Coccidioides immitis (142) | <0.03–0.5/>32 | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Histoplasma capsulatum (144) | <0.03–2/<0.03–>32 | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (19) | <0.03–2 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Penicillium marneffei (34) | <0.03 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 | |
| Sporothrix schenckii (51) | 0.12–>16/0.5–>16 | >16 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Hyphomycetes (1,922) | |||
| Acremonium alabamense (1) | 0.25 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Acremonium kiliense (2) | 1 | Radford et 1997 | |
| Acremonium spp (1) | 0.25 | Marco et al 1998 | |
| Acremonium strictum (1) | 2 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Aspergillus flavipes (2) | 0.03–0.12 | Serrano et al 2003 | |
| Aspergillus flavus (218) | <0.03–2/0.25–8 | 0.06–1 | Diekema et al 2003; Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Espinel-Ingroff and Rezusta 2002; Hsueh et al 2005; Maesaki et al 2000; Marco et al 1998; Pfaller et al 2002a; Serrano et al 2003 |
| Aspergillus fumigatus (802) | <0.03–8/0.25–>8 | 0.25–1 | Clancy and Nguyen 1998; Cuenca-Estrella et al 1998; Diekema et al 2003; Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Espinel-Ingroff and Rezusta 2002; Hsueh et al 2005; Maesaki et al 2000; Marco et al 1998; Pfaller et al 2002a; Serrano et al 2003 |
| Aspergillus glaucus (8) | 0.06–0.12 | 0.06 | Serrano et al 2003 |
| Aspergillus nidulans (26) | 0.03–4/0.12–4 | 0.5 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Espinel-Ingroff and Rezusta 2002 |
| Aspergillus niger (141) | <0.03–4/0.25–2 | 0.12–2 | Diekema et al 2003; Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Espinel-Ingroff and Rezusta 2002; Hsueh et al 2005; Maesaki et al 2000; Marco et al 1998; Pfaller et al 2002a; Serrano et al 2003 |
| Aspergillus terreus (188) | <0.03–2/1–16 | 0.25–1 | Diekema et al 2003; Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Espinel-Ingroff and Rezusta 2002; Hsueh et al 2005; Marco et al 1998; Pfaller et al 2002a; Serrano et al 2003 |
| Aspergillus ustus (12) | 0.25–8/0.25–32 | 8 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Aspergillus versicolor (29) | 0.06–2 | 1 | Diekema et al 2003; Pfaller et al 2002a |
| Aspergillus spp (32) | 0.12–>8 | 1 | Pfaller et al 2002a |
| Fusarium moniliforme (9) | 0.5–>8/4–>8 | 2 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Fusarium oxysporum (33) | 0.25–>8/2–>16 | 8 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Minassian et al 2003; Radford et al 1997 |
| Fusarium proliferatum (6) | 1–2 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Fusarium solani (77) | 0.25–>16/2–>16 | 2–>8 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Minassian et al 2003; Radford et al 1997 |
| Fusarium verticillioides (3) | 1–8 | 1a | Minassian et al 2003 |
| Fusarium spp (24) | 0.25–>8 | 8–>8 | Diekema et al 2003; Marco et al 1998 |
| Paecilomyces boydii (6) | 0.25–0.5 | 0.33b | Espinel-Ingroff 1998 |
| Paecilomyces lilacinus (8) | 0.12–1/1–4 | 0.5 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Radford et al 1997 |
| Paecilomyces variotii (2) | 4–>64 | Radford et al 1997 | |
| Paecilomyces spp (7) | 0.03–2 | Diekema et al 2003; Marco et al 1998 | |
| Scedosporium apiospermum (60) | 0.03–2 | 0.25–2 | Carrillo and Guarro 2001; Cuenca-Estrella et al 1999; Meletiadis et al 2002; Minassian et al 2003; Radford et al 1997 |
| Scedosporium prolificans (154) | 0.06–32/2–>8 | 4–16 | Carrillo and Guarro 2001; Cuenca-Estrella et al 1999; Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Meletiadis et al 2002; Minassian et al 2003; Radford et al 1997 |
| Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (2) | 4–8 | Radford et al 1997 | |
| Scopulariosis brumptii (3) | 2–8 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 | |
| Pseudallescheria boydii (59) | 0.06–1/0.25–>16 | 0.5 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Marco et al 1998 |
| Trichoderma longibrachiatum (5) | 2/4 | 2 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Thrichoderma spp (1) | 0.25 | Marco et al 1998 | |
| Zygomycetes (182) | |||
| Absidia corymbifera (20) | 4–>16/16–>16 | 16–>16 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001; Minassian et al 2003 |
| Absidia elegans (1) | 16 | 16 | Dannaoui et al 2003 |
| Absidia spp (25) | 2–16 | 16 | Dannaoui et al 2003; Gil-Lamaignere et al 2005 |
| Apophysomyces elegans (1) | 16 | McGinnis et al 1998 | |
| Cunninghamella bertholletiae (1) | 32 | 32 | Dannaoui et al 2003 |
| Cunninghamella spp (15) | 8–>16 | >16a | Gil-Lamaignere et al 2005; Minassian et al 2003 |
| Mucor hiemalis (1) | >32 | McGinnis et al 1998 | |
| Mucor spp (23) | 1–>32 | 16–>32 | Dannaoui et al 2003; Diekema et al 2003; Gil-Lamaignere et al 2005; Minassian et al 2003 |
| Rhizomucor pusillus (2) | 2–16 | 5.66b | McGinnis et al 1998 |
| Rhizomucor spp (10) | 4 | 16 | Dannaoui et al 2003; Minassian et al 2003 |
| Rhizopus arrhizus (23) | 4–>32/8–>16 | 16 | Espinel-Ingroff et al 2001 |
| Rhizopus spp (60) | 1–>16 | 8–16 | Dannaoui et al 2003; Diekema et al 2003; Gil-Lamaignere et al 2005; Marco et al 1998; Minassian et al 2003 |
Abbreviations: MIC, range of minimal inhibitory concentrations (μg/mL); MFC, minimal fungicidal concentration (μg/mL); MIC90, range of minimal inhibitory concentrations at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (μg/mL)
a
modal value
b
geometric mean.