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Mean herbivore damage increased on canopy branches that were inaccessible (○) compared with accessible branches (•). Error bars indicate 1 SE. Tree species were A. excelsum (A), C. longipes (B), and C. peltata (C). Peak herbivory levels occurred earlier for A. excelsum because the leaf-growing season ends in December, when all wet season leaves are dropped. Reduction in mean herbivory levels at the end of the experiment coincided with leaf abscission.
