Table 5.
Offspring blood pressure in dietary models of developmental programming in the rat
| Strain | Protocol | Intervention period | Age at measure (day of gestation) | Sex studied | Measurement technique | Higher than control? | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wistar | 50% of ad lib | 1–22 | 16 w | M + F | Tail cuff | Yes M | Franco et al. (2003) |
| SHR | 50% of ad lib | 1–22 | 13–16 w | M + F | Tail cuff | Yes M + F | Franco et al. (2002b) |
| Wistar | 50% of ad lib | 11–22 | 14–17 w | F | Femoral artery catheter | N | Holemans et al. (1999) |
| Wistar | 70% of ad lib | 0–18 | 28 w | M + F | Femoral artery catheter | Yes M + F | Ozaki et al. (2001) |
| Wistar | 30% of ad lib | 0–22 | 50 w | M + F | Tail cuff | Yes M + F | Woodall et al. (1996) |
| Wistar | 30% of ad lib | 0–22 | 25 w | F | Tail cuff | Yes | Vickers et al. (2001) |
| Wistar | IR | −7–22 | 12 w, 64 w | M + F | Tail cuff | Yes M + F | Lewis et al. (2001);Lewis et al. (2002) |
| RHL | IR | −28–22 | 10 w | M + F | Tail cuff | Yes M + F | Gambling et al. (2003) |
| Wistar | SH6% | −14–22 | 21 w | F | Tail cuff | Yes | Langley & Jackson (1994) |
| Wistar | SH9% | −14–22 | 21 w | F | Tail cuff | Yes | Langley & Jackson (1994) |
| Wistar | SH12% | −14–22 | 21 w | F | Tail cuff | No | Langley & Jackson (1994) |
| Wistar | SH9% | 0–22 | 7 w | M + F | Tail cuff | Yes M + F | Langley-Evans et al. (1996b) |
| Wistar | SH9% | 0–22 | 18 w | M | Tail cuff | Yes | Brawley et al. (2003) |
| SD | LP8.5% | −0–22 | 20 w | M | Femoral artery catheter | Yes | Woods et al. (2001) |
| SD. | LP6% | −35–22 | 13 w | M | Radiotelemetry | No | Tonkiss et al. (1998) |
| SD | HF8% | 0–93 | 52 w | F | Tail cuff | Yes | Petry et al. (1997) |
| Wistar | LP6%, 9% | 0–22 | 10–13 w | NA | Tail cuff | Yes | Lamireau et al. (2002) |
| SD | 24% saturated fat | −10–43 | 25 w | M + F | Radiotelemetry | Yes F | Khan et al. (2003,2004) |
| SD | 10% fat n–3 PUFA deplete | 0–63 | 36 w | M + F | Femoral artery catheter | Yes M + F | Weisinger et al. (2001) |
| Wistar | 9% saturated fat | −14–22 | 7 w | F | Tail cuff | Yes | Langley-Evans (1996) |
Timing of protocol is relative to day of gestation (delivery is at 21–22 days in a rat); −10 indicates 10 days prior to mating and 43 days is equivalent to offspring postnatal day 21 (weaning). Abbreviations: SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat; RHL, Rowett Hooded Lister rat; SD, Sprague-Dawley rat; IR, iron restricted diet (iron content 3 mg kg−1); HF, Hope Farm low protein diet; SH, Southampton low protein diet; LP (%), low protein diet (% protein content); w, postnatal week; M, male only; F, female only; C, combined male and female; M + F, both male and female considered individually.