Table 2.
Urinary concentrations (micrograms per gram creatinine) of MEP, MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP and estimated exposures (in parentheses, micrograms per kilogram per day) to DEP and DEHP calculated using urinary concentrations from several studies of children.
| Geometric mean
|
95th percentile
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEP
|
DEHP
|
DEP
|
DEHP
|
|||||
| Population group | MEP | MEHP | MEHHP | MEOHP | MEP | MEHP | MEHHP | MEOHP |
| 328 children 6–11 years of age (Silva et al. 2004a) | 92.6 (1.7) | 5.19 (0.6) | ND | ND | 625 (11.4) | 41.9 (5.0) | ND | ND |
| 392 children 6–11 years of age (CDC 2005) | 96.9 (1.8) | 5.02 (0.6) | 38.3 (2.4) | 26.6 (2.6) | 837 (15.3) | 31.2 (3.7) | 211 (13.2) | 130 (12.8) |
| 254 children 3–14 years of age (Becker et al. 2004) | ND | 6.2 (0.7) | 40.7 (2.6) | 31.2 (3.1) | ND | 23.7 (2.8) | 170 (10.7) | 119 (11.7) |
| 36 children < 7 years of age (Koch et al. 2004b)a | ND | 8.7b (1.0) | 55.8b (3.5) | 38.3b (3.8) | ND | 27.5 (3.3) | 113 (7.1) | 75.8 (7.4) |
| 19 children 12–18 months of age (Brock et al. 2002)c | 184.1b (6.3) | 4.6b (2.8) | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 6 premature neonates (Calafat et al. 2004a) | ND | 800 (85.0) | 16,634 (931) | 14,351 (1,256) | ND | 6,043 (641) | 62,982 (3,523) | 52,189 (4,566) |
ND, not determined.
In their calculations of exposure, Koch et al. (2004b) used different Fue and CE values. We recalculated the estimated exposures using the factors listed in the text, for comparison with other studies included in this table.
Mean value.
Urinary concentrations are in nanograms per milliliter (Brock et al. 2002). Estimated doses are from Clark et al. (2003) using the published individual values for urinary creatinine (milligrams per deciliter) (Brock et al. 2002), and molar conversion factors of 0.64 (MEP) and 0.14 (MEHP).