Table 2.
Effects of ATRA on human chemokine and inflammatory cytokine expression by human PBMC post TCR stimulationa.
| Cytokine (pg/ml) | Controlb | ATRAb | Significancec |
| IL-8 | 0.42 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.15 | p = 0.002c |
| MIP-1α | 90.1 ± 18.1 | 60.0 ± 14.7 | NS |
| RANTES | 2.1 ± 0.92 | 1.8 ± 0.89 | p = 0.01c |
| MCP-1 | 65.4 ± 23.3 | 107.4 ± 29.2 | p = 0.006c |
| IL-1β | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.20 | p = 0.02c |
| IL-6 | 31.0 ± 7.2 | 13.7 ± 3.7 | p = 0.007c |
| IL-17 | 1.8 ± 0.52 | 1.7 ± 0.56 | NS |
| GM-CSF | 3.4 ± 2.3 | 3.2 ± 2.5 | NS |
| G-CSF | 2.2 ± 0.76 | 1.2 ± 0.24 | p = 0.04c |
| IFN-α | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.93 | NS |
a Anti-CD3 antibody(200 ng/ml)-activated human PBMC (2.5 × 106/ml) derived from at least 5 different donors were treated with either ETOH or ATRA (10-7 M) for 48 h after which the supernatants were examined for the expression of various chemokines and cytokines by ELISA and multiplex analysis.
b The results are expressed as the average cytokine value in ng/ml ± SD. The data and statistical calculations were performed with data derived from at least 5 different donors.
c The data was analyzed for equality of variance using Fischer's F test. If the variance was heterogeneous, the appropriate transformation of the data was performed. A two-tailed paired T test was then used to determine statistical significance. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. NS = not significant.