Figure 5.

Multiple sequence alignment of two Arabidopsis GSK3-like protein and GSK3s from human, D. melanogaster, and D. discoideum. DWF12 (GenBank accession no. AY157149) and KGSQ_ARATH (Q96287), possessing the longest amino acid sequence among 10 Arabidopsis GSK3-like proteins, were compared with GSK3β proteins from human (P49841), D. melanogaster (SGG_DROME, P18431), and D. discoideum (KG3H_DICDI, P51136). Alignment was performed using the PileUp program of the Genetics Computer Group software with a gap creation penalty of 3 and a gap extension penalty of 1. The aligned sequences were further annotated using BOXSHADE and Photoshop programs. Annotations are based on structural characterization described by Dajani et al. (2001). Black circles indicate the residues involved in active site formation. White squares identify the residues that are involved in homodimerization. The TREE domain was identified to be a putative Thr phosphorylation site by caseine kinase II, and the two dwf12 mutations were located in this domain. Thick lighter bars delimit an N- or C-terminal variable domain, and a darker bar spans the protein kinase domain. Numbers in parentheses are based on the DWF12 protein sequence. Dashes and dots indicate gaps introduced to maximize alignment. Δ, Truncation of amino acid sequences for better comparison.