Figure 1.

Nod factor-induced root hair deformation is reduced in nsp2 mutants. Root hairs on wild-type (A) and nsp2-2 (B) plants grown in the absence of Nod factor show no differences. C, Wild-type plants grown in the presence of 10 pM Nod factor show extensive distorted root hair growth and root hair branching. D, This response is reduced in nsp2-2 plants. However root hairs of nsp2-2 still show some deformation, indicated by arrows, that is not present on untreated plants (B). Both wild type (E) and nsp2-2 (F) show root hair deformation when treated with S. meliloti, shown 3 d postinoculation with 1021 (pXLGD4). The arrow indicates an infection event visualized using the β-galactosidase activity of 1021 (pXLGD4). No infections were observed in nsp2 mutants.