Figure 7.

Waving does not require cell file twisting. Cryo-stage scanning electron micrographs show Ler roots grown on various nutrient salt concentrations and plate aeration. All roots were grown in 1.5% (w/v) Bacto-agar tilted plates (45° angle from the vertical). Treatments are: A and B, zero salts, 0% (w/v) Suc, and sealed plates; C and D, zero salts, 0% (w/v) Suc, and aerated plates; E, Okada and Shimura salts, 0% (w/v) Suc, and sealed plates; F and G, Okada and Shimura salts, 3% (w/v) Suc, and sealed plates; H, cell file twisting in a looping root on Murashige and Skoog salts, 3% (w/v) Suc, and aerated plates; I, righthanded twisting in petioles on Okada and Shimura salts, 3% (w/v) Suc, and sealed plates; J, the absence of twisting in petioles of Okada and Shimura seedlings grown on 3% (w/v) Suc, and aerated plates. The petiole phenotypes for the other media formulations were similar (i.e. showed no twisting) irrespective of Suc or nutrients addition. Scale bars in A through G = 100 μm, in I through J = 1 mm.