rVSV-IFNβ inhibits the growth of syngeneic renal cell carcinoma. (A) BALB/c mice (6 to 8 weeks old) were implanted s.c. with 7 × 105 Renca cells. After palpable tumors had formed, animals were treated intratumorally with 1.5 × 108 PFU of VSV-IFNβ, VSV-GFP, or HI-VSV. Three injections of the virus were given as indicated by the arrows. Tumor volumes were calculated, and values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 6). (B) Tumor volumes (in cubic millimeters) were measured at day 19 postimplantation, and animals that showed no tumor development at 1 month after treatment were identified. (C) Antitumor IFN-γ-secreting T cells were measured in animals (n = 2) receiving VSV-GFP, VSV-IFNβ, or HI-VSV at 10 days posttreatment as described in Results.