Sequestration of unfolded RepGFP by ClpA. Acid-denatured RepGFP was diluted into reaction mixtures containing ClpA and 10 mM ATP (red triangles), ClpA and 1 mM ATP[γS] (open blue circles), or ClpA alone (green circles) as described in the legend of Fig. 5. To other mixtures, either 40 μM α-casein (black squares) or 23 μM ovalbumin (open black squares) was added after RepGFP, ClpA, and ATP had been incubated for 5 min. Fluorescence was measured with time.