Figure 1.

Generation of spinophilin knockout mice. (a Top) Spinophilin targeting vector consisted of a 3.5- and 4.0-kb homologous region flanking the neo^R gene to replace the 4.2-kb BamHI fragment containing exon 1. (Middle) Structure of the spinophilin locus showing the first three exons. (Bottom) Structure of the targeted spinophilin locus. External probe used for Southern blots is shown. Restriction enzyme sites are indicated: EV, EcoRV; Ss, SstI; B, BamHI; H, HindIII; EI, EcoRI; N, NotI. (b) Southern blot of EcoRV-digested tail DNA from wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/−), and homozygous (−/−) littermates. (c) Western blot analysis of expression levels of spinophilin and neurabin in brain homogenates from wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous littermates.