Figure 6.

Effects of spinophilin null mutation on kainate- and PTZ-induced seizures and apoptosis. (a) Kainate-induced seizures in wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. *, P < 0.001, compared with WT (n = 14 for WT; n = 13 for KO). (b) PTZ-induced seizures in WT and KO mice. **, P < 0.05, compared with WT (n = 12 for WT and KO). (c and d) Cresyl violet staining of hippocampal CA1 neurons from wild-type (c) and knockout (d) mice 1 week after systemic injection of kainate. Shrinkage because of cell death, seen in wild-type neurons, was not present in neurons from the knockout mice. (Bars = 100 μm.) (e—h) TUNEL staining. (e and f) Light microscopy of hippocampal CA1 neurons from wild-type (e) and knockout (f) mice. Positive staining in the wild type demonstrated that neuronal death was due to apoptosis. (Bars = 100 μm.) (g and h) Confocal microscopy of cell bodies of CA1 neurons from wild-type (g) and knockout (h) mice. Broken DNA ends were labeled with FITC (green). The slices then were counterstained with an irrelevant rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibody (red) to highlight the tissue. (Bars = 10 μm.)