Figure 3.

Mitochondrial outer membrane markers TOM20 and TOM40 are localized in the vacuolar wall. Spinal cord sections were doubly stained with anti-SOD1 (red) and a mixture of anti-TOM40 and anti-TOM20 antibodies (green), photographed using a confocal microscope, and visualized by 3-D reconstruction. This vacuole is barrel-shaped. The front and the back openings of the vacuole are marked by two line circles. D-F are the same vacuole as A-C but rotated downwards 30 degrees. Staining using either TOM40 or TOM20 alone yielded the same staining pattern except that the signals were somewhat weaker than using both antibodies together. Arrowheads in A point to SOD1 aggregates, large arrows show patches of TOM and small arrows point to where TOM overlaps with SOD1.