TABLE 1.
Variables associated with the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis E virus in the adult population of Catalonia
| Risk factor parameter | Prevalence (%) (95% CI) | No. of people | OR (95% CI), OR aj.a (95% CI) | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minor surgery | ||||
| Yes | 11.6 (7.7-15.5) | 259 | 1.96 (1.24-3.11), 1.68 (1.03-2.70) | 0.003 |
| No | 6.3 (4.8-7.8) | 1,008 | 0.035 | |
| Abdominal surgery | ||||
| Yes | 10.4 (7.0-13.8) | 317 | 1.74 (1.12-2.73), 1.38 (0.86-2.20) | 0.013 |
| No | 6.2 (4.7-7.7) | 947 | 0.183 | |
| Uniparous or multiparous woman | ||||
| Yes | 8.3 (5.9-10.7) | 517 | 2.84 (1.19-6.79), 1.81 (0.76-4.33) | 0.014 |
| No | 3.1 (0.7-5.5) | 194 | 0.177 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 7.8 (5.6-10.0) | 567 | ||
| Female | 7.0 (5.1-8.9) | 713 | NS | |
| Habitat | ||||
| Urban | 7.5 (5.9-9.1) | 1,060 | ||
| Rural | 6.4 (3.2-9.6) | 220 | NS | |
| Social classc | ||||
| I to III | 6.5 (4.3-8.7) | 489 | ||
| IV to V | 7.0 (5.0-9.0) | 610 | NS | |
| Place of birth | ||||
| Spain | 7.1 (5.7-8.5) | 1,220 | ||
| Other | 8.3 (0-17.3) | 36 | NS | |
| Injecting-drug user | ||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 5 | ||
| No | 7.4 (5.9-8.9) | 1,233 | NS | |
| Tattoos | ||||
| Yes | 6.0 (0-12.6) | 50 | ||
| No | 7.4 (5.9-8.9) | 1,222 | NS | |
| Transfusions | ||||
| Yes | 7.8 (2.6-13.0) | 102 | ||
| No | 7.2 (5.7-8.7) | 1,167 | NS | |
| Injections | ||||
| Yes | 8.2 (5.8-10.6) | 524 | ||
| No | 7.0 (5.1-8.9) | 697 | NS | |
| Hospitalizations | ||||
| Yes | 8.6 (5.9-11.2) | 429 | ||
| No | 6.8 (5.1-8.5) | 838 | NS | |
| Accidents causing bleeding wounds | ||||
| Yes | 6.0 (4.0-8.0) | 550 | ||
| No | 8.2 (6.2-10.2) | 720 | NS | |
| Health professional | ||||
| Yes | 4.3 (0-10.1) | 47 | ||
| No | 7.4 (5.9-8.9) | 1,222 | NS | |
| Endoscopy(ies) | ||||
| Yes | 7.8 (4.1-11.5) | 205 | ||
| No | 7.2 (5.6-8.7) | 1,068 | NS | |
| Hemodialysis | ||||
| Yes | 0.0 | 6 | ||
| No | 7.3 (5.9-8.7) | 1,266 | NS | |
| Administration of gamma globulins | ||||
| Yes | 4.6 (1.0-8.2) | 130 | ||
| No | 7.8 (6.2-9.4) | 1,083 | NS | |
| Blood diseases | ||||
| Yes | 2.6 (0-5.1) | 39 | ||
| No | 7.8 (5.8-9.8) | 691 | NS | |
| Surgical interventions | ||||
| Yes | 7.9 (6.0-9.8) | 783 | ||
| No | 6.4 (4.2-8.5) | 497 | NS | |
| Dental extractions | ||||
| Yes | 7.9 (6.2-9.5) | 1,032 | ||
| No | 4.6 (1.9-7.2) | 240 | NS | |
| Abortions | ||||
| Yes | 9.2 (0-18.9) | 153 | ||
| No | 6.3 (4.3-8.3) | 556 | NS | |
| Acupuncture | ||||
| Yes | 7.6 (3.6-11.6) | 170 | ||
| No | 7.3 (5.8-8.8) | 1,103 | NS | |
| Piercing | ||||
| Yes | 4.8 (0-11.3) | 42 | ||
| No | 7.5 (6.0-9.0) | 1,228 | NS | |
| Multiple sexual partners | ||||
| Yes | 11.8 (1.0-22.6) | 34 | ||
| No | 7.3 (5.8-8.8) | 1,154 | NS | |
| Sex-worker client | ||||
| Yes | 10.0 (0-28.6) | 10 | ||
| No | 7.3 (5.8-8.8) | 1,161 | NS | |
| Condom use | ||||
| Yes | 5.5 (3.2-7.8) | 382 | ||
| No | 8.4 (6.5-10.2) | 862 | NS | |
| Hepatitis in spouse/partner | ||||
| Yes | 7.6 (1.2-14.0) | 66 | ||
| No | 7.4 (5.9-8.9) | 1,150 | NS | |
| HIV infection | ||||
| Yes | 6.5 (1.8-11.2) | 107 | ||
| No | 4.4 (0.2-8.6) | 90 | NS |
a
OR aj., odds ratio adjusted by multiple logistic regression analysis including significant variables in the univariate analysis.
b
NS, not significant.
c
Social classes include professional (I), managerial and technical (II), skilled (III), partly skilled (IV), and unskilled (V) occupations.