Virulence activity of AvrXa7 requires C-terminal AD. Rice leaves were syringe inoculated with PXO86mx53 (leaves 1–3) or PXO99 (leaves 4–8) containing the following genes: 1, avrXa7; 2, avrXa7TGA; 3, avrXa7VP16; 4, vector control; 5, avrXa7; 6, avrXa7TGA; 7, avrXa7VP16; 8, avrXa7VP16. Leaves 1–3 and 8 are from IR24. Leaves 4–7 are from IRBB7 (Xa7).