TABLE 1.

Presence of ClyA-reactive antibodies in human serum samples as determined by Western blot analysis

Disorder or physical conditiona	No. of individuals tested	No. showing detectable levels of ClyA-reactive antibodiesb
		IgG/IgA/IgM	IgM
Active or recent infection by serovar Typhi and/or serovar Paratyphi A	8c	8 (++)	8 (+)
Chronic carriage of serovar Typhi	1	1 (+)	0
Infection by nontyphoid Salmonella serovars	15d	0	0
Other disorders
Yersinia infection	19	1 (±)	0
Lyme borreliosis	34	2 (±)	0
Syphilis	20	2 (±)	0
EBV infection	20	1 (±)	0
Presence of ANA	20	0	0
Increased levels of RF	11	0	0
Healthy blood donors	128	4 (±)	0

^aEBV, Epstein-Barr virus; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; RF, rheumatoid factors.

^bTo confirm the data, all serum samples were assayed at least twice in independent experiments for polyvalent (IgG/IgA/IgM) and IgM reactivity to ClyA. The strength of the reactivity is indicated in parentheses: ++, strong reactivity; +, weak to moderate reactivity; ±, very weak reactivity at the detection limit.

^cThese individuals had suffered infection with either Salmonella serovar Typhi (n = 5) or Salmonella serovar Paratyphi A (n = 2), or with both serovars (n = 1).

^dThese individuals had suffered infection with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis (n = 6), Salmonella serovar Typhimurium (n = 1), or other nontyphoid Salmonella serovars (n = 8).