FIG. 1.

Effects of reinfection with S. japonicum on mean hemoglobin (A), geometric mean serum ferritin (B), and serum transferrin receptor (C) levels at 12 and 18 months posttreatment. Means (symbols) and 95% confidence limits (error bars) were estimated using multilevel repeated-measure linear regression and were adjusted for potential confounding influences of age, sex, socioeconomic status, baseline S. japonicum egg count, and concurrent hookworm infection and for within-person correlation and clustering within households. Means were estimated by assuming the median reinfection duration at each follow-up, i.e., 7.5 and 13.5 months at the 12- and 18-month follow-ups, respectively, for different representative infection intensities based on the distribution of egg counts at each follow-up (3, 10, 22, 73, 212, and 383 epg at the 12-month follow-up and 3, 10, 30, 83, 287, and 483 epg at the 18-month follow-up). Asterisks represent significant differences compared to the group not (yet) reinfected. In panel a, the horizontal line represents the overall mean hemoglobin level at baseline.