Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 549 heroin addicts who participated in study, according to prescribed treatment
|
Inhaling
|
Injecting
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A*(n=139) | B†(n=117) | C‡(n=119) | A*(n=98) | B†(n=76) | |
| Age (years) | 39.6 | 40.0 | 39.1 | 38.0 | 39.2 |
| Male (%) | 79.1 | 78.6 | 81.5 | 81.6 | 82.9 |
| Ethnic Dutch (%) | 82.7 | 80.2 | 80.5 | 94.9 | 96.1 |
| Employed (%) | 6.5 | 5.2 | 12.1 | 8.2 | 8.1 |
| Stable housing (%) | 90.6 | 89.7 | 86.4 | 84.7 | 77.6 |
| Regular drug use (years): | |||||
| Heroin | 16.7 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 15.4 | 16.6 |
| Methadone | 12.4 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 11.7 | 12.6 |
| Cocaine | 8.0 | 9.3 | 7.8 | 10.1 | 9.6 |
| Amphetamines | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| Drug use in past month (days): | |||||
| Heroin | 25.9 | 25.9 | 25.5 | 25.9 | 25.2 |
| Methadone | 28.7 | 28.9 | 29.1 | 29.1 | 29.1 |
| Cocaine | 15.2 | 15.2 | 13.4 | 18.0 | 15.5 |
| Amphetamines | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
| Previous drug free treatment (%) | 59.4 | 54.7 | 58.8 | 67.0 | 65.8 |
| Ever overdosed (%) | 30.9 | 28.2 | 29.4 | 49.0 | 47.4 |
| Additional need for addiction treatment (%)§ | 66.9 | 65.8 | 72.9 | 63.3 | 57.9 |
| Physical health: | |||||
| Mean MAP-HSS | 11.6 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 11.1 | 12.1 |
| HIV positive (%) | 9.9 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 13.3 | 13.3 |
| Somatic medication (%) | 28.8 | 21.4 | 24.4 | 22.5 | 19.7 |
| Additional need for somatic treatment (%)§ | 29.2 | 24.8 | 36.4 | 39.8 | 35.5 |
| Mental health: | |||||
| Mean SCL-90 | 70.7 | 68.4 | 79.4 | 72.7 | 76.3 |
| Ever attempted suicide (%) | 17.3 | 25.6 | 26.9 | 40.2 | 35.5 |
| Psychiatric medication (%) | 33.1 | 32.5 | 38.7 | 35.7 | 34.7 |
| Any current DSM-IV diagnosis (%) | 27.7 | 28.2 | 36.1 | 34.0 | 31.6 |
| Additional need for psychiatric treatment (%)§ | 26.6 | 26.5 | 31.9 | 32.7 | 39.6 |
| Social functioning: | |||||
| Illegal activities in past month (days) | 11.2 | 11.4 | 8.4 | 11.5 | 12.9 |
| Contact with non-users in past month (days) | 16.3 | 15.8 | 14.1 | 13.7 | 12.1 |
| Median No of charges for theft | 10.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 |
| Median time incarcerated (months) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 19.0 | 13.0 |
MAP-HSS=Maudsley addiction profile-health symptoms score17; SCL-90=symptom checklist-90 item version18-20; DSM-IV=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.
*
12 months of methadone alone.
†
11 months of methadone plus heroin.
‡
6 months of methadone alone, followed by 6 months of methadone plus heroin.
§
Based on ASI severity rating ≥5.