Table 1.
Paper | Question Wong Scale | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What A | What B | What C | Who A | Who B | Who C | How A | How B | How C | ||
1 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 22.00 |
2 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 21.00 |
3 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 18.00 |
4 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 19.00 |
5 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 20.00 |
6 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 15.00 |
7 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 19.00 |
8 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 20.00 |
9 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 15.00 |
10 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 20.00 |
11 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 17.00 |
12 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 20.00 |
13 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 21.00 |
Mean | 2.15 | 2.69 | 2.15 | 1.54 | 1.62 | 2.54 | 1.92 | 2.00 | 2.38 | 18.75 |
SD | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.76 | 0.58 | 0.77 | 2.09 |
95% CI | 1.82–2.49 | 2.40–2.98 | 1.82–2.49 | 1.23–1.85 | 1.22–2.01 | 2.14–2.94 | 1.46–2.38 | 1.65–2.35 | 1.92–2.85 | 17.67–20.33 |
P | ||||||||||
Strong evidence | What B, Who C | 0.503 | ||||||||
Adequate evidence | How C | 1.000 | ||||||||
Moderate evidence | What A, What C, How B | 0.495 | ||||||||
Weak evidence | Who A, Who B, How A | 0.14 | ||||||||
Variation | SSq | DF | MSq | F | P | Coefficient | P | |||
ANOVA analysis of Wong scores | Distribution of total scores | |||||||||
Paper | 15.86 | 8.00 | 1.98 | 5.14 | <0.0001 | Shapiro-Wilk | 0.8977 | 0.1245 | ||
Within cells | 41.69 | 108.00 | 0.39 | Skewness | −0.8341 | 0.1676 | ||||
Total | 57.56 | 116.00 | Kurtosis | −0.1145 | – |
Scores obtained from the Wong Scale-Revised were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Data were used to determine the acceptability of the 13 applicable studies as a whole.