Fig. 3.

BG independently modulates retinal and visual function. (A and B) Retinal response threshold (A) and visual acuity (B) plotted as functions of BG of Gcgr^−/− and Gcgr^+/− mice. Results were averaged according to BG levels by clustering BG levels into six bins (15 mg/dl wide) from 60 to 150 mg/dl. Data were acquired from 17 Gcgr^+/− and 14 Gcgr^−/− mice (A) and from 11 Gcgr^+/− and 10 Gcgr^−/− mice (B) with up to four trials per mouse. (C) Comparison of retinal response thresholds of Gcgr^−/− and Gcgr^+/− mice maintained on a regular diet with Gcgr^−/− mice placed on a high-carbohydrate diet beginning at 6–7 months of age (n = 5–7). Gcgr^−/− mice on a high-carbohydrate diet were significantly different from Gcgr^−/− mice on regular diet (∗, P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA; Holm–Sidak test). Bars are SEM.