FIG. 6.

Association of uroliths with increased urinary cytokines GRO/KC (A), IL-1α (B), IL-1β (C), and TNF-α (D) in U. parvum-inoculated F344 rats. Urine was collected free catch at time of necropsy from F344 rats, and data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation from rats with struvite calculi (n = 8) and rats without struvite calculi (n = 5). Samples were collected from four separate experiments, data were analyzed by using an unpaired Student's t test, and P values for each cytokine analysis are presented within the corresponding graph.