Table 4.
Model | VAS Score (Regression coefficient, 95% confidence interval) | p value |
(a) EID and Ethnicity | ||
EID | -1.85 (-3.92, 0.21) | 0.077 |
Ethnicity† | ||
Malays | -0.15 (-10.75, 10.45) | 0.98 |
Indians | -10.78 (-21.21, -0.35) | 0.043 |
(b) EID and age | ||
EID | -1.75 (-3.85, 0.35) | 0.10 |
Age per year | 0.07 (-0.22, 0.36) | 0.63 |
(c) EID and gender | ||
EID | -1.94 (-4.07, 0.19) | 0.073 |
Female† | 2.06 (-6.87, 10.98) | 0.65 |
(d) EID and education | ||
EID | -1.98 (-4.21, 0.24) | 0.080 |
Education per year | 0.18 (-1.53, 1.88) | 0.84 |
(e) EID and chronic medical conditions | ||
EID | -1.84 (-3.99, 0.31) | 0.092 |
Presence of chronic medical conditions† | 2.02 (-7.00, 11.04) | 0.66 |
(f) EID and work status | ||
EID | -1.90 (-4.03, 0.23) | 0.079 |
Working† | 1.30 (-7.83, 10.42) | 0.78 |
(g) EID and healthcare background | ||
EID | -2.11 (-4.27, 0.05) | 0.055 |
With healthcare background† | 0.79 (-11.96, 13.54) | 0.90 |
(h) EID and religiosity | ||
EID | -1.94 (-4.02, 0.15) | 0.068 |
Religiosity‡ (per point on 0–10 VAS) | -1.25 (-2.83, 0.33) | 0.12 |
†Reference categories in multiple linear regression were Chinese, male, absence of chronic medical conditions, not working and without healthcare background.
‡Self-reported on a 0 to 10 Likert-type scale, where a higher score indicates higher religiosity.