Table 1.

Baseline summary data: demographic and outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Mean (SD)	Control Mean (SD)	All Mean (SD)	Significance (p)
Age (years)	75.25 (5.78)	74.30(5.72)	74.28 (5.87)	0.63
Gender	Frequency	Frequency	Frequency
Male	2	9	11	0.06
Female	12	9	21
GDS†	12.64 (3.61)	12.22 (3.51)	12.41 (3.50)	0.88
CES-D	19.71 (6.40)	16.61 (6.22)	17.96 (6.39)	0.31
PGMS†*	8.77 (3.32)	9.23 (3.01)	9.03 (3.10)	0.69
HAP MAS	69.79 (7.64)	67.17 (9.99)	68.31(8.99)	0.12
HAP AAS	55.86(11.71) n = 14	51.61 (16.12) n = 18	53.47 (14.30) n = 32	0.07
WHO QOL DOM 1**	12.86 (3.27)	13.34 (2.48)	13.13 (2.81)	0.89
WHO QOL DOM 2**	13.19 (1.55)	12.86 (2.14)	13.00(1.88	0.19
WHO QOL DOM 3**	13.14 (3.08)	13.94 (3.94)	13.59 (3.55)	0.66
WHO QOL DOM 4**	14.89 (1.91)	15.62 (2.34)	15.30 (2.16)	0.46
Self Efficacy	16.21 (4.90)	15.88 (4.01)	16.03 (4.35)	0.35
PASE	145.03 (68.11)	111.25 (67.21)	126.03 (68.65)	0.06

* N = 30 (13 intervention, 17 controls)

** The four WHO-QOL domains are: physical (DOM 1), psychological (DOM 2), social (DOM 3) and environmental health (DOM 4)

† denotes a lower score is better