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Links between JNK and protein degradation. The degradation of proteins follows their covalent modification by polyubiquitination, a multistep reaction requiring the actions of E1, E2, and E3 ligases. The JNK-mediated phosphorylation of the target protein or E3 ligases, such as Itch, can alter the rates of protein degradation. For Itch, the activities are enhanced, but controversy remains on whether all actions of JNKs on protein degradation will result in enhanced degradation.
