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. 2006 Dec;70(4):1032–1060. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00027-06

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

(A) Impact of PKR activation and eIF-2α phosphorylation on translation. See the text for details. (B) Two examples of mRNAs whose translation is resistant to eIF-2α phosphorylation. Translation of the bona fide ATF-4 ORF is induced by low levels of functional eIF-2 (eIF-2α phosphorylation), whereas under normal conditions (high availability of eIF-2), ribosomes initiate at upstream ORFs that lead to a premature translation halt. For SV capsid mRNA, a very stable stem-loop structure downstream of initiation codon stalls the ribosome on the correct site to initiate translation. When eIF-2α is phosphorylated, SV mRNA can alternatively use the translation initiation factor 2A for delivering the Met-tRNA.