α1-Antitrypsin (AT) blocks mucin secretion stimulated by medium from cells exposed to HNE. NHBE cells were exposed to medium alone or medium plus 1.0 μmol/L HNE for 5 minutes. Medium from cells was then collected and incubated under cell-free conditions with or without AT (5 μmol/L) for an additional 15 minutes at 37°C. At the end of this incubation, a new set of NHBE cells was exposed to the different mixtures for 15 minutes at 37°C, and secreted mucin quantified as described in text. AT added to medium from cells exposed previously to HNE attenuated the stimulatory effect of that medium on new NHBE cells, indicating that a secondary soluble product is not involved in the secretory response to HNE. *, Significantly different from vehicle control (P < 0.05). †, Significantly different from HNE alone (P < 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 12).