Figure 4.

Within-individual comparisons of the adrenocortical response to stress as a function of the difference between the brood size manipulations received in the first and in the second breeding attempts. The brood value induced by the manipulation was either (i) ‘greater in the first brood’ if the first brood was enlarged and the second was either unmanipulated or reduced, (ii) ‘same’ if the individual either received the same type of manipulation or was left unmanipulated in both breeding attempts; and (iii) ‘lesser in the first brood’ if the first brood was reduced and the second was either unmanipulated or enlarged.