Table 3.

Percentage Change in RN/1,000 APDC in Pennsylvania Hospitals 1994–2001, before and after Adjustment for Patient Turnover and Severity

	1994–5	1995–6	1996–7	1997–8	1998–9	1999–00	2000–01	1994–01
Before adjustment
RN/1,000 APDC	2.25	1.61	−0.27	−0.58	−0.17	−1.86	−2.09	−1.26
After adjustment for patient turnover†
RN/1,000 APDC (adj)	−3.98	−3.77	−1.78	−3.56	−1.47	−3.58	−1.31	−20.23
Mean difference	−6.54	−5.48	−1.47	−3.26	−1.10	−2.24	0.66	−19.51
t-Value	−13.13***	−10.65***	−4.69***	−8.57***	−2.20*	−4.53***	1.34	−23.84***
After adjustment for patient turnover‡
RN/1,000 APDC (adj)	−0.97	−0.68	−1.23	−1.58	−0.23	−2.30	−0.73	−10.41
Mean difference	−3.33	−2.86	−1.25	−1.23	−0.65	−1.11	1.31	−9.51
t-Value	−13.19***	−10.95***	−4.79***	−8.82***	−2.78**	−4.61***	1.32	−23.07***
After adjustment for patient turnover† and severity
RN/1,000 APDC (adj)	−6.02	0.04	−7.07	−17.69	−1.30	2.13	5.95	−26.49
Mean difference	−8.57	−1.25	−7.04	−17.71	−1.09	3.59	6.14	−25.97
t-Value	−9.43***	−1.04	−6.21**	−14.36***	−3.11**	5.17***	7.84***	−20.35***
After adjustment for patient turnover‡ and severity
RN/1,000 APDC (adj)	−2.24	3.35	−4.87	−15.95	−0.51	2.98	6.30	−16.50
Mean difference	−4.77	1.58	−5.16	−15.77	−0.42	4.82	6.52	−15.55
t-Value	−4.58***	1.33	−5.35***	−13.68***	−2.57	8.99***	11.03***	−14.13***

^*p<.01;

^**p<.001;

^***p<.0001.

^†Turnover adjustment 1 uses 1/LOS.

^‡Turnover adjustment 2 uses square root(1/LOS).