Figure 1.

Effect of CA-4-P on cellular HIF-1 localisation and nuclear morphology. Immunofluorescent staining showed limited nuclear HIF-1 accumulation of unstimulated T24 cells (A) and CA-4-P-treated aerobic cells (C), with significant accumulation in hypoxic (B) and CA-4-P-treated hypoxic cells (D). CA-4-P treatment (1 μM) induced nuclear fragmentation (circled), but did not notably alter HIF-1 localisation. Identical microscopic fields of DAPI-stained nuclei (left) and HIF-1α stained cells (right) are shown.