Table 2.
Factors associated with preventive screening in the last 2 years
| Mammogram in the last 2 years
|
Pap test in the last 2 years
|
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seattle (n = 216)
|
Vancouver (n = 193)
|
Seattle (n = 422)
|
Vancouver (n = 551)
|
||||||||||
| No./totala |
(%)
|
P valueb | No./totala |
(%)
|
P valueb | No./totala |
(%)
|
P valueb | No./totala |
(%)
|
P valueb | ||
| Total sample | 143/216 | (66) | 125/193 | (65) | 280/422 | (66) | 342/551 | (62) | |||||
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||||||||||
| Age, years | Age, years | ||||||||||||
| 50–54 | 36/58 | (62) | 0.23 | 39/58 | (67) | 0.08 | 20–39 | 75/112 | (67) | 0.73 | 106/182 | (58) | <0.001 |
| 55–59 | 26/47 | (55) | 30/39 | (77) | 40–59 | 151/224 | (67) | 205/288 | (71) | ||||
| 60–64 | 32/42 | (76) | 19/33 | (58) | 60–69 | 54/86 | (63) | 31/81 | (38) | ||||
| 65–69 | 24/33 | (73) | 26/38 | (68) | |||||||||
| 70–74 | 25/36 | (69) | 11/25 | (44) | |||||||||
| Place of birth | |||||||||||||
| Mainland China | 118/175 | (67) | 0.08 | 69/112 | (62) | 0.18 | 187/291 | (64) | 0.01 | 159/287 | (55) | 0.01 | |
| Hong Kong | 9/14 | (64) | 41/62 | (66) | 32/40 | (80) | 134/197 | (68) | |||||
| South East Asiac | 7/16 | (44) | 6/6 | (100) | 39/61 | (64) | 11/18 | (61) | |||||
| N. America | 7/7 | (100) | 0/1 | (0) | 20/23 | (87) | 10/13 | (77) | |||||
| Other | 2/4 | (50) | 9/12 | (75) | 2/7 | (29) | 28/36 | (78) | |||||
| Education | |||||||||||||
| 0–6 years | 54/87 | (62) | 0.26 | 38/69 | (55) | 0.10 | 72/117 | (62) | 0.31 | 44/78 | (56) | 0.20 | |
| 7–12 years | 70/97 | (72) | 53/76 | (70) | 135/202 | (67) | 159/240 | (66) | |||||
| 13+ years | 18/30 | (60) | 33/46 | (72) | 72/101 | (71) | 138/230 | (60) | |||||
| Employed | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 75/113 | (66) | 0.87 | 58/77 | (75) | 0.01 | 196/295 | (66) | 0.99 | 213/331 | (64) | 0.20 | |
| No | 66/101 | (65) | 67/116 | (58) | 83/125 | (66) | 129/219 | (59) | |||||
| Housing | |||||||||||||
| Owned | 125/182 | (69) | 0.35 | 115/174 | (66) | 0.35 | 247/356 | (69) | 0.01 | 307/472 | (65) | 0.001 | |
| Rented/subsidized | 18/30 | (60) | 6/12 | (50) | 31/60 | (52) | 31/71 | (44) | |||||
| Income | |||||||||||||
| Less than $20,000 | 35/54 | (65) | 0.55 | 23/40 | (58) | 0.03 | 47/81 | (58) | 0.20 | 61/109 | (56) | 0.01 | |
| $20–29,000 | 18/22 | (82) | 22/29 | (76) | 47/63 | (75) | 55/96 | (57) | |||||
| $30–49,000 | 24/35 | (69) | 29/35 | (83) | 48/72 | (67) | 80/119 | (67) | |||||
| $50,000 or more | 7/11 | (64) | 13/19 | (68) | 23/30 | (77) | 58/74 | (78) | |||||
| Unknown | 59/94 | (63) | 38/70 | (54) | 115/176 | (65) | 88/153 | (58) | |||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||||
| Current | 115/175 | (66) | 0.83 | 107/153 | (70) | 0.003 | 247/359 | (69) | 0.02 | 319/475 | (67) | <0.001 | |
| Previous/never | 27/40 | (68) | 18/40 | (45) | 33/62 | (53) | 23/76 | (30) | |||||
| Proportion of life in North America | |||||||||||||
| 0–24% | 47/87 | (54) | 0.01 | 58/85 | (68) | 0.38 | 101/180 | (56) | <0.001 | 155/273 | (57) | 0.03 | |
| 25–49% | 54/75 | (72) | 39/67 | (58) | 113/156 | (72) | 122/180 | (68) | |||||
| 50–100% | 41/53 | (77) | 28/41 | (68) | 65/83 | (78) | 65/97 | (67) | |||||
| Religion | |||||||||||||
| Buddhism/Eastern | 37/61 | (61) | 0.52 | 35/54 | (65) | 0.98 | 85/136 | (63) | 0.43 | 87/140 | (62) | 0.11 | |
| Christianity | 29/42 | (69) | 41/62 | (66) | 44/67 | (66) | 90/129 | (70) | |||||
| None | 75/109 | (69) | 49/76 | (64) | 144/208 | (69) | 165/280 | (59) | |||||
| Speaks English fluently | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 17/19 | (89) | 0.02 | 32/45 | (71) | 0.31 | 48/67 | (72) | 0.32 | 146/221 | (66) | 0.11 | |
| No | 126/197 | (64) | 93/148 | (63) | 232/355 | (65) | 196/330 | (59) | |||||
| Health care access variables | |||||||||||||
| Medical cost concerns | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 32/56 | (57) | 0.10 | 9/13 | (69) | 1.00 | 58/107 | (54) | 0.002 | 22/36 | (61) | 0.90 | |
| No | 111/160 | (69) | 116/180 | (64) | 221/314 | (70) | 320/515 | (62) | |||||
| Communicate with provider in Chinese | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 44/68 | (65) | <0.001 | 109/168 | (65) | 0.03 | 59/94 | (63) | <0.001 | 272/442 | (62) | 0.02 | |
| No | 80/101 | (79) | 13/15 | (87) | 172/210 | (82) | 50/68 | (74) | |||||
| No regular provider | 19/46 | (41) | 3/9 | (33) | 48/116 | (41) | 16/35 | (46) | |||||
| Regular provider | |||||||||||||
| Chinese male | 35/57 | (61) | <0.001 | 79/130 | (61) | 0.02 | 42/75 | (56) | <0.001 | 166/305 | (54) | <0.001 | |
| Regular Provider | |||||||||||||
| Chinese female | 14/15 | (93) | 33/41 | (80) | 25/27 | (93) | 127/166 | (77) | |||||
| Non-Chinese male | 31/43 | (72) | 5/7 | (71) | 61/79 | (77) | 14/20 | (70) | |||||
| Non-Chinese female | 43/51 | (84) | 4/4 | (100) | 102/121 | (84) | 14/18 | (78) | |||||
| No regular provider | 19/46 | (41) | 3/9 | (33) | 48/116 | (41) | 16/35 | (46) | |||||
| MD visit in last year | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 114/162 | (70) | 0.02 | 97/146 | (66) | 0.39 | 205/295 | (69) | 0.04 | 247/394 | (63) | 0.63 | |
| No | 29/54 | (54) | 28/47 | (60) | 75/127 | (59) | 95/157 | (61) | |||||
| Problems getting appointment | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 42/67 | (63) | 0.46 | 30/43 | (70) | 0.44 | 81/129 | (63) | 0.32 | 90/145 | (62) | 1.00 | |
| No | 101/149 | (68) | 95/150 | (63) | 198/292 | (68) | 252/406 | (62) | |||||
| Problems finding interpreter | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 47/83 | (57) | 0.02 | 18/21 | (86) | 0.03 | 93/146 | (64) | 0.42 | 43/72 | (60) | 0.66 | |
| No | 96/133 | (72) | 107/172 | (62) | 186/275 | (68) | 299/479 | (62) | |||||
| Problems with transportation | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 27/43 | (63) | 0.56 | 15/21 | (71) | 0.50 | 33/56 | (59) | 0.19 | 25/51 | (49) | 0.04 | |
| No | 116/172 | (67) | 110/172 | (64) | 245/361 | (68) | 317/500 | (63) | |||||
| Visited traditional healer in last year | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 25/39 | (64) | 0.72 | 52/73 | (71) | 0.14 | 63/93 | (68) | 0.71 | 130/188 | (69) | 0.01 | |
| No | 116/173 | (67) | 73/120 | (61) | 212/323 | (66) | 208/357 | (58) | |||||
| Private medical insurance | |||||||||||||
| Yes | 68/96 | (71) | 0.18 | – | – | 144/214 | (67) | 0.68 | – | – | |||
| No | 74/119 | (62) | – | – | 134/205 | (65) | – | – | |||||
| Private insurance in addition to national insurance | |||||||||||||
| Yes | – | – | 25/30 | (83) | 0.02 | – | – | 108/154 | (70) | 0.02 | |||
| No | – | – | 100/162 | (62) | – | – | 234/395 | (59) | |||||
a
Total number may not equal 100% of total sample due to missing values.
b
% obtaining screening test; P value for association with screening test in the last 2 years.
c
Includes Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Vietnam.