TABLE 2—
Odds Ratios (ORs) With 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for the Associations Between Immigration-Related Variables and Lifetime Disorders, by Gender: National Latino and Asian American Study, Asian Americans (N = 2095), May 2002–November 2003
| Lifetime Any Depressive Disorder | Lifetime Any Anxiety Disorder | Lifetime Any Substance Abuse Disorder | Lifetime Any Psychiatric Disorder | |||||
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Ethnic origins | ||||||||
| Chinese | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Filipino | 0.90 (0.40, 1.99) | 0.59 (0.34, 1.04) | 1.05 (0.50, 2.20) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.38) | 2.38* (1.05, 5.38) | 1.33 (0.53, 3.31) | 1.20 (0.73, 1.98) | 0.74 (0.50, 1.09) |
| Vietnamese | 1.62 (0.57, 4.55) | 0.47* (0.23, 0.97) | 0.76 (0.32, 1.83) | 0.66 (0.28, 1.55) | 0.61 (0.18, 2.03) | 0.64 (0.15, 2.76) | 1.07 (0.43, 2.67) | 0.54 (0.29, 1.01) |
| Other Asian | 1.52 (0.71, 3.27) | 0.78 (0.44, 1.36) | 0.88 (0.36, 2.18) | 0.90 (0.46, 1.77) | 2.15 (0.77, 6.06) | 0.62 (0.20, 1.95) | 1.21 (0.66, 2.22) | 0.81 (0.51, 1.30) |
| Nativity status | ||||||||
| US-born | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Foreign-born | 0.91 (0.48, 1.73) | 0.50** (0.33, 0.76) | 0.90 (0.46, 1.73) | 0.47* (0.26, 0.85) | 0.31* (0.12, 0.77) | 0.13*** (0.05, 0.32) | 0.61 (0.38, 1.06) | 0.53** (0.35, 0.82) |
| English-language proficiency | ||||||||
| Excellent/good | 0.44* (0.20, 0.95) | 1.06 (0.61, 1.85) | 0.51* (0.30, 0.87) | 1.59 (0.90, 2.82) | 1.26 (0.59, 2.70) | Dropped | 0.52** (0.33, 0.81) | 1.42 (0.90, 2.23) |
| Fair/poor | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Years in the United States | ||||||||
| US-born | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 0–5 | 0.21*** (0.09, 0.48) | 0.46 (0.15, 1.38) | 0.40 (0.11, 1.44) | 0.37* (0.15, 0.93) | 0.33 (0.08, 1.39) | Dropped | 0.38* (0.15, 0.96) | 0.46 (0.20, 1.07) |
| 6–10 | 2.10 (0.76, 5.78) | 0.43** (0.24, 0.75) | 1.02 (0.41, 2.58) | 0.45* (0.21, 0.95) | 0.24** (0.10, 0.61) | Dropped | 0.87 (0.42, 1.79) | 0.38** (0.22, 0.67) |
| 11–20 | 1.07 (0.42, 2.71) | 0.53* (0.31, 0.89) | 1.02 (0.49, 2.10) | 0.44 (0.17, 1.13) | 0.36 (0.10, 1.31) | 0.11 (0.01, 1.41) | 0.59 (0.29, 1.20) | 0.52* (0.29, 0.92) |
| ≥ 21 | 0.62 (0.26, 1.45) | 0.55 (0.22, 1.41) | 1.04 (0.49, 2.23) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.25) | 0.25** (0.11, 0.57) | 0.42 (0.13, 1.32) | 0.69 (0.36, 1.32) | 0.72 (0.41, 1.27) |
| Age at time of immigration, y | ||||||||
| US-born | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| ≤ 12 | 1.36 (0.48, 3.87) | 1.05 (0.50, 2.20) | 0.74 (0.21, 2.59) | 0.91 (0.37, 2.22) | 0.33 (0.10, 1.09) | 0.42* (0.18, 0.96) | 0.69 (0.25, 1.89) | 1.36 (0.77, 2.40) |
| 13–17 | 1.48 (0.61, 3.61) | 0.55 (0.22, 1.36) | 1.64 (0.41, 6.49) | 0.35 (0.12, 1.05) | 0.56 (0.19, 1.67) | Dropped | 0.69 (0.26, 1.87) | 0.41 (0.15, 1.09) |
| 18–34 | 0.60 (0.24, 1.53) | 0.35*** (0.20, 0.61) | 0.86 (0.53, 1.41) | 0.39* (0.19, 0.80) | 0.20** (0.06, 0.60) | 0.06* (0.01, 0.81) | 0.55* (0.34, 0.90) | 0.38** (0.21, 0.67) |
| ≥ 35 | 1.04 (0.37, 2.89) | 0.38* (0.15, 0.96) | 0.81 (0.32, 2.09) | 0.40 (0.15, 1.08) | 0.59 (0.12, 2.83) | Dropped | 0.67 (0.28, 1.58) | 0.40* (0.19, 0.86) |
| Generational status (control for age and ethnic origins) | ||||||||
| First | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Second | 0.56 (0.21, 1.48) | 2.50** (1.35, 4.64) | 1.15 (0.49, 2.73) | 2.11 (1.03, 4.31) | 2.24 (0.60, 8.39) | 7.60*** (2.98, 19.36) | 1.31 (0.59, 2.88) | 2.07* (1.19, 3.60) |
| Third or later | 2.04 (0.89, 4.69) | 1.40 (0.87, 2.26) | 1.01 (0.32, 3.25) | 2.17 (0.98, 4.77) | 3.80* (1.35, 10.66) | 9.50*** (2.82, 32.04) | 2.13* (1.08, 4.19) | 1.61 (0.93, 2.79) |
Note. Age was controlled for in the regression (except for generational status). “Dropped” refers to rates not included because no positive case was found in this group.
* P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.