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Levels of different cytokines in vitreous aspirates obtained from patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), retinal detachment (RD), and macular hole (MH) (control). n = number of investigated samples. Detection levels were (0.3, 1.6, 0.125, 3.9, 0.7, 15.6, and 0.7 pg/ml for IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-1α, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-12 respectively.
