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(A) Representative tracings of sphincter of Oddi smooth muscle contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS), and the effects of botulinum toxin and atropine. Small arrows indicate washes with fresh physiological salt solution. (B) Representative tracings of the sphincter of Oddi smooth muscle contractions induced by exogenous acetylcholine (ACH), and the effects of botulinum toxin and atropine. Small arrows indicate washes with fresh physiological salt solution.
