Figure 5  .

Increased immunofluorescent staining of intracellular cytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was seen in freshly isolated liver derived lymphocytes from all seven primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients but not from controls. A representative picture of this finding from one PSC patient and one normal control is shown. Cells were initially fixed, permeabilised, and stained with fluorescein isothiocynate conjugated anti-TNF/anti-IL-1β antibodies. Unlabelled anti-cytokine monoclonal antibody was used to decrease high background staining.