Expression of SOX10 in the normoganglionic (A, B) and aganglionic (C-L) colon segments of a Hirschsprung's disease patient examined by in situ hybridisation. SOX10 is expressed in myenteric plexuses (arrowhead) and nerves in the circular and longitudinal muscles in the normoganglionic colon (A, bright field; B, dark field). In the aganglionic colon, SOX10 is expressed in the hypertrophic nerve trunks and in nerves in the musculature (C, K, bright field; D, L, dark field). Immunohistochemistry on adjacent sections using S100 (H, I) and RET (J) antibodies confirms that the hypertrophic nerves contain nerve fibres and glial cells but no neurones. The SOX10 positive signals are found in the glia and nerve bundles. In addition, SOX10 is also weakly expressed in extrinsic nerves (F, bright field; G, dark field; arrowhead, blood vessel) in the serosa. Immunohistochemistry on an adjacent section shows that the extrinsic nerve is immunoreactive for S100 antibody (E). Original magnification: (A-D) ×100; (E) ×200; (F, G, I-L) ×500; (H) ×100. Sm, submucosa; cm, circular muscle; lm, longitudinal muscle; s, serosa.