Landmark clinical event trials: relevance to clinical practice. A series of landmark clinical event trials have demonstrated the benefits of statins for primary and secondary prevention. These benefits have been seen in patients with coronary heart disease and high or normal blood cholesterol concentrations, as well as in asymptomatic patients at increased risk for coronary heart disease. 4S, Scandinavian simvastatin survival study; LIPID, long-term intervention with pravastatin in ischemic disease; CARE, cholesterol and recurrent events trial; WOSCOPS, West of Scotland coronary prevention study; AFCAPS/TexCAPS, Air Force/Texas coronary atherosclerosis prevention study.