Figure 2.

Associations between ecology and extinction risk across avian families, with separate analyses for extinction risk via habitat loss versus extinction risk via human persecution/introduced predators. Body size versus extinction risk via (A) habitat loss and (B) persecution/predation. Residual generation time (controlling for variation in body size) versus extinction risk via (C) habitat loss and (D) persecution/predation. Degree of breeding habitat specialization versus extinction risk incurred via (E) habitat loss and (F) persecution/predation. For body size, (small) families in which modal body size is less than or equal to 1,000 g, and (large) a modal body size of over 1,000 g. For generation time, (short) families in which the modal age at first breeding is younger than expected from allometric relationship between age at first breeding and body size, and (long) an age at first breeding older than expected. For breeding habitat specialization, (specialist) families in which species typically use only one type of breeding habitat category, and (generalist) families in which typically species use more than one type of breeding habitat. On the vertical axis of each graph, the proportion of each family threatened by extinction risk is the proportion of species in that family classified as being threatened by extinction via the appropriate source of threat. All analyses are based on raw family-typical values for 95 avian families. Error bars show SEM; statistics show results of one-way ANOVAs. Degrees of freedom in all ANOVAs = 1, 93.