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. 2000 Oct 17;97(22):12244–12249. doi: 10.1073/pnas.180320897

Table 2.

Frequency of tumors with silent p53 mutations in smokers and nonsmokers

Type Total no. of tumors with p53 mutations Tumors with a single p53 mutation
Tumors with multiple p53 mutations
Frequency of tumors with silent p53 mutations, %
No. of nonsilent mutations No. of silent mutations No. of nonsilent mutations No. of silent mutations Singlets Total
Lung (63% vs. 31%)*
  Smokers total 328 306 8 26 4 1.54 2.30
  Nonsmokers total 73 67 4 4 0 1.70 1.70
  Smokers only 278 263 8 15 1 1.81 2.04
  Nonsmokers only 68 63 4 2 0 1.82 1.82
Oral cavity + esophagus (57% vs. 33%)*
  Smokers total 316 287 6 43 5 1.08 1.98
  Nonsmokers total 84 78 3 6 0 1.18 1.18
  Smokers only‡§ 170 154 6 20 1 2.01 2.35
  Nonsmokers only§ 46 41 3 4 0 2.15 2.15
*

Shown in parentheses are the percentages of tumors with p53 mutations in smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. 

Cases of radon, asbestos, and mustard gas exposure excluded. 

Include the cases of snuffing and chewing tobacco. 

§Cases of drinking alcohol and hot beverages excluded. 

For each group, the frequency was calculated as: F = [(no. of tumors with p53 mutations of interest)/(total no. of tumors in the group)] × 100%. The latter was estimated as [(no. of tumors with p53 mutations in the group)/% of these tumors] × 100%. For example, the overall frequency of lung tumors with silent p53 mutations (single ones + those in p53 multiplets) in the group “smokers total,” F = [(8 + 4)/(328 × 100%/63%] × 100%) = (12/328) × 63% = 2.3%.