Sustained overshoot of cell proliferation after sleep deprivation despite CORT normalization. Adult rats underwent bilateral surgical removal of the adrenal glands (ADX) or were Sham-operated. All ADX-treated rats were given drinking water containing CORT (25 μg/ml in 0.9% saline). One week after surgery, ADX and Sham rats either remained as controls (Sham/CC, n = 4; ADX+CORT/CC, n = 6) or were exposed to 72 h on SPs (Sham/SP, n = 4; ADX+CORT/SP, n = 6). One week later, all rats received a single injection of BrdU (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and were perfused 2 h later. A delayed enhancement of cell proliferation after extended sleep loss was observed in both Sham and ADX+CORT animals. Error bars indicate SEM; ∗, P < 0.05.