Table 4.
Bivariate analysis of risk factors for in-hospital mortality
| Factor | Nonsurvivors (n = 52) | Survivors (n = 172) | RR (95% CI) | P |
| Sex | 0.46 (0.28–0.74) | 0.007 | ||
| Male | 21 (40.4) | 106 (61.6) | ||
| Female | 31 (59.6) | 66 (38.4) | ||
| Age (years)a | 61.5 (47.2–71.7) | 67 (56.5–75.7) | 0.09 | |
| Hepatic cirrhosis | 5 (9.6) | 9 (5.2) | 1.93 (0.48–6.75) | 0.32 |
| Immunosuppression | 5 (9.6) | 4 (2.3) | 4.47 (0.91–23.25) | 0.03 |
| COPD | 5 (9.6) | 17 (9.9) | 0.97 (0.27–2.93) | 0.95 |
| End-stage renal disease | 5 (9.6) | 7 (4.1) | 2.51 (0.6–9.62) | 0.15 |
| Chronic cardiac failure | 2 (3.8) | 3 (1.7) | 2.25 (0.18–20.16) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (25) | 44 (25.6) | 0.97 (0.45–2.09) | 0.93 |
| Noncured malignancy | 8 (15.4) | 4 (2.3) | 1.92 (7.64–35.84) | 0.001 |
| Alcoholism | 5(9.6) | 18 (10.5) | 0.91 (0.25–2.73) | 0.86 |
| Smoking habit | 8 (15.4) | 41 (23.8) | 0.65 (0.33–1.29) | 0.25 |
| APACHE IIa | 18.5 (14–23.75) | 12 (8–17) | <0.001 | |
| APACHE II admission ICUa,b | 22.5 (18–26) | 15.5 (10–19.75) | <0.001 | |
| SOFA (1)a,c | 6 (3–11) | 3 (1–7) | <0.001 | |
| SOFA admission ICUa,b | 10.5 (6.75–14) | 6 (3–9.25) | <0.001 | |
| Bacteraemia | 13 (25) | 43 (25) | 1 (0.46–2.16) | 1 |
| Site of infection | ||||
| Urologic | 4 (7.7) | 30 (17.5) | 0.39 (0.1–1.21) | |
| Central nervous system | 3 (5.7) | 10 (5.8) | 0.75 (0.13–2.84) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0–5.04) | |
| Soft tissue | 3 (5.8) | 14 (8.1) | 0.69 (0.12–2.63) | |
| Abdomen | 23 (44.2) | 59 (34.3) | 1.52 (0.77–2.99) | |
| Unknown | 4 (7.7) | 5 (2.9) | 2.78 (0.53–13.42) | |
| Lung | 15 (28.8) | 50 (29.1) | 0.67 (0.32–1.37) | |
| Genotype | ||||
| -308 TNF-α promoter polymorphism | 1.28 (0.49–3.46) | 0.59 | ||
| GG | 45 (86.5) | 141 (82%) | ||
| GA/AA | 7 (13.5) | 31 (18) | ||
| TNF-β (NcoI polymorphism) | 0.74 (0.37–1.5) | 0.37 | ||
| GG/GA | 17 (33.7) | 68 (39.6) | ||
| AA | 35 (67.3) | 104 (60.4) | ||
| IL-10-1082 | 0.7 (0.22–1.88) | 0.42 | ||
| GG | 6 (11.6) | 27 (15.7) | ||
| GA/AA | 46 (88.4) | 145 (84.3) | ||
| Genotype -308 TNF GA/AA, TNF-β AA, IL-10-1082 GG | 0.92 (0.45–1.84) | 0.8 | ||
| Yes | 18 (34.1) | 63 (36.6) | ||
| No | 34 (65.4) | 109 (63.4) | ||
| Empirical antibiotic therapy | <0.001 | |||
| Adequate | 24 (46.1) | 118 (68.6) | 0.39 (0.20–0.77) | |
| Inadequate | 12 (23.1) | 4 (2.3) | 12.6 (3.53–55.57) | |
| Not evaluable | 16 (30.8) | 50 (29.1) | 1.08 (0.52–2.24) | |
| Delayed surgical interventiona,d | 16 (7–36) | 12.5 (8–24) | 0.77 | |
| Delayed of AATa | 7 (4–28) | 5 (3–10) | 0.008 | |
Unless otherwise stated, values are expressed as n (%). aResults expressed as median (25th to 75th percentiles). bOnly 178 patients were admitted to the ICU. c SOFA (1) means SOFA score in the first 24 hours in the hospital. dOnly in 'surgical patients' (n = 93). AAT, appropriate antibiotic therapy; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; RR, relative risk; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.