Table 2.
Antibiotic use in study patients during intensive care unit stay
| Cases (n = 38) | Controls (n = 76) | p value | Cases with infection (n = 30) | Controls (n = 60) | p value | |
| Antibiotic treatment | 38 (100) | 47 (61) | <0.001a | 30 (100) | 36 (60) | <0.001b |
| Duration of antibiotic treatment, days | 13 ± 10 | 5 ± 6 | <0.001 | 16 ± 11 | 5 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| Glycopeptide use | 7 (18) | 12 (15) | 0.457 | 6 (20) | 10 (16) | 0.453 |
| Duration, days | 1 ± 4 | 1 ± 2 | 0.582 | 2 ± 4 | 1 ± 2 | 0.581 |
| Extended-spectrum penicillin use | 32 (84) | 38 (50) | <0.001c | 25 (83) | 28 (46) | 0.001d |
| Duration, days | 10 ± 9 | 4 ± 6 | <0.001 | 11 ± 10 | 4 ± 6 | 0.001 |
| Fluoroquinolone use | 17 (44) | 24 (31) | 0.121 | 12 (40) | 17 (28) | 0.190 |
| Duration, days | 4 ± 6 | 2 ± 3 | 0.050 | 4 ± 6 | 2 ± 4 | 0.124 |
| Extended-spectrum cephalosporin use | 12 (31) | 6 (7) | 0.002e | 9 (30) | 5 (83) | 0.010f |
| Duration, days | 3 ± 6 | 0.3 ± 1 | 0.001 | 4 ± 7 | 0.3 ± 1 | 0.004 |
| Carbapenem use | 6 (15) | 4 (5) | 0.067 | 4 (13) | 4 (6) | 0.251 |
| Duration, days | 4 ± 3 | 2 ± 1 | 0.058 | 1 ± 2 | 0.4 ± 2 | 0.294 |
| Aminoglycoside use | 11 (28) | 14 (18) | 0.149 | 10 (33) | 11 (18) | 0.095 |
| Duration, days | 2 ± 5 | 1 ± 3 | 0.154 | 3 ± 6 | 1 ± 3 | 0.080 |
| Metronidazole use | 3 (7) | 4 (5) | 0.429 | 1 (3) | 4 (6) | 0.457 |
| Duration, days | 0.5 ± 2 | 0.3 ± 2 | 0.573 | 0.3 ± 2 | 0.4 ± 2 | 0.532 |
Results by univariate analysis. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage). Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = a1.8 (1.4 to 2.1), b1.8 (1.4 to 2.2), c1.5 (1.2 to 2), d5.7 (1.9 to 16.9), e2.1 (1.1 to 4.2), and f4.7 (1.4 to 15.7).