Table 1. Receptors for putative transmitters in the lower urinary tract.
| Tissue | Cholinergic | Adrenergic | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bladder body | +(M2) | −(β2) | +Purinergic (P2X1) |
| +(M3) | −(β3) | −VIP | |
| +Substance P (NK2) | |||
| Bladder base | +(M2) | +(α1) | −VIP |
| +(M3) | +Substance P (NK2) | ||
| +Purinergic (P2X) | |||
| Urothelium | +(M2) | α | +TRPV1 |
| +(M3) | β | +TRPM8 | |
| +P2X | |||
| +P2Y | |||
| +Substance P | |||
| +Bradykinin (B2) | |||
| Urethra | +(M) | +(α1) | +Purinergic (P2X) |
| +(α2) | −VIP | ||
| −(β) | −Nitric oxide | ||
| Sphincter striated muscle | +(N) | ||
| Adrenergic nerve terminals | −(M2) | −(α2) | −NPY |
| +(M1) | |||
| Cholinergic nerve terminals | −(M2) | +(α1) | −NPY |
| +(M1) | |||
| Afferent nerve terminals | +Purinergic (P2X2/3) | ||
| +TRPV1 | |||
| Ganglia | +(N) | +(α1) | −Enkephalinergic (δ) |
| +(M1) | −(α2) | −Purinergic (P1) | |
| +(β) | +Substance P |
VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; NPY, neuropeptide Y; TRP, transient receptor potential. Letters in parentheses indicate receptor type, for example, M (muscarinic) and N (nicotinic). Plus and minus signs indicate excitatory and inhibitory effects.